• br Introduction Metabolic cues are crucial inputs

  2023-09-19

  

  Introduction Metabolic cues are crucial inputs in dictating acute responses through governing cellular signaling pathways as well as in shaping up long-term transcriptional and epigenetic profiles to control chronic cellular responses (Lu and Thompson, 2012). It has been well documented that meta

• RNA interference assays have shown that the inhibition of

  2023-09-19

  

  RNA interference assays have shown that the inhibition of AMPK expression leads to increases in TNF-α, IL-6 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) levels after LPS stimulus, whereas the transfection of macrophages with a constitutively active form of AMPKα1 results in decreased LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-6 prod

• It thus appeared reasonable that AR

  2023-09-19

  

  It thus appeared reasonable that AR needed to be inhibited and great experimental efforts began which are still on-going [6]. Indeed, hundreds of ARIs have been characterized but no significant drug development has followed. The case of Sorbinil, which did not pass clinical trials is emblematic [7]

• AKT has been shown to be important for G S

  2023-09-19

  

  AKT1 has been shown to be important for G1-S checkpoint transition and proliferation, whereas AKT2 regulates cell-cycle exit through its interaction with p21 (Héron-Milhavet et al., 2006). In a recent study in triple negative breast cancer, AKT3, rather than AKT1 activity was most important for cell

• Aberrant or a sustained activation of AhR

  2023-09-19

  

  Aberrant or a sustained activation of AhR signaling pathway, triggered by exogenous toxic ligands such as dioxins, PAHs or polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), is a well-described biological process engaged during tumor initiation and/or promotion in various tissues (e.g. liver, lung, skin)(reviewed in

• The most widely recognized effects of

  2023-09-19

  

  The most widely recognized effects of adenosine are operated through inhibiting A1R, one of the most abundant G protein-coupled receptors in Z-WEHD-FMK tissue [53]. A1R are located presynaptically, postsynaptically and nonsynaptically [54]. Effect of adenosine in neuronal circuits of adult mammals

• br Conclusions and clinical relevance Astrogliosis and an in

  2023-09-19

  

  Conclusions and clinical relevance Astrogliosis and an increase in ADK is a pathologcial hallmark of epilepsy. The consequence of increased ADK in the epileptic cholinesterase inhibitors is a decrease in the ambient adenosine tone and A1R activity. As a result, systemic administration of A1R ago

• Although the mechanisms of APP secretion are well characteri

  2023-09-19

  

  Although the mechanisms of APP secretion are well characterised (for review see Ref. [1]), production of soluble AChE species is less well understood although we have reported that a metalloproteinase can shed AChE similarly to APP [16], [17]. Recently it has also been demonstrated that cellular pre

• The structure of LO is divided in two

  2023-09-19

  

  The structure of 5-LO is divided in two domains, the catalytic C-terminal domain and the N-terminal regulatory C2-like domain (C2ld) [59,60]. The C2ld spans the lactone sale 1-114 and is responsible for translocation and binding of calcium and membranes [61–63]. The catalytic domain is primarily an

• The gene SRD A encodes the reductase enzyme which converts

  2023-09-19

  

  The gene SRD5A2 encodes the 5-α-reductase enzyme, which converts testosterone into dihydrotestosterone. Although dihydrotestosterone levels are considerably lower than testosterone, dihydrotestosterone has a five-fold stronger binding capacity to the androgen receptor and, thereby, a considerably mo

• Moreover our present work suggests that AXL could be a

  2023-09-19

  

  Moreover, our present work suggests that AXL could be a modulator of sunitinib response, at least for cell lines that present high endogenous levels of this RTK activation, since we observed an increased responsiveness to sunitinib in OSU-03012 australia activated with AXL receptor ligand. A role f

• Crohn s disease an inflammatory bowel disease that affects t

  2023-09-19

  

  Crohn’s disease, an inflammatory bowel disease that affects the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, is characterized by a polymorphism in ULK1 autophagy gene due to the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Thus, the autophagic process is impaired during the disease. The mutations in the leuc

• Roles of Aurora kinases in directly

  2023-09-19

  

  Roles of Aurora kinases in directly activating multiple oncogenic pathways and promoting proliferation as well as transformation have also been demonstrated. Aurora-A has been shown to up-regulate telomerase reverse transcriptase mRNA through c-myc [26]. The kinase was also implicated in activating

• br Crystal structure ACLY protein

  2023-09-19

  

  Crystal structure ACLY protein is a homotetramer of four identical subunits [9]. Each polypeptide chain contains 1101 amino-acid residues [10]. The crystal structure of full-length ACLY protein is yet unresolved. However, Sun et al. recently succeeded in crystallizing chymotrypsin-truncated human

• In addition to drawing attention to

  2023-09-19

  

  In addition to drawing attention to Ser454 of ACL as a phosphosite that is regulated by both BDK and PPM1K, our phospho-proteomics screen identified several additional sites in other proteins. For example, Ser25, Ser29, and Ser79 of the lipogenic enzyme acetyl-coA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) were found to

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